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The V-1 flying bomb ((ドイツ語:Vergeltungswaffe 1),)—also known to the Allies as the buzz bomb, or doodlebug, and in Germany as ''Kirschkern'' (cherrystone) or ''Maikäfer'' (maybug)〔Christopher, John. ''The Race for Hitler's X-Planes'' (The Mill, Gloucestershire: History Press, 2013), p.108.〕—was an early pulsejet-powered cruise missile, the very first production aircraft of any type to use a pulsejet for power. The V-1 was developed at Peenemünde Army Research Center by the Nazi German ''Luftwaffe'' during the Second World War. During initial development it was known by the codename "Cherry Stone". The first of the so-called ''Vergeltungswaffen'' series designed for terror bombing of London, the V-1 was fired from launch facilities along the French (Pas-de-Calais) and Dutch coasts. The first V-1 was launched at London on 13 June 1944〔(War & peace and the price of cat-fish ) (Contemporary diary.)〕), one week after (and prompted by) the successful Allied landings in Europe. At its peak, more than one hundred V-1s a day were fired at south-east England, 9,521 in total, decreasing in number as sites were overrun until October 1944, when the last V-1 site in range of Britain was overrun by Allied forces. After this, the V-1s were directed at the port of Antwerp and other targets in Belgium, with 2,448 V-1s being launched. The attacks stopped when the last launch site was overrun on 29 March 1945. The British operated an arrangement of air defences, including anti-aircraft guns and fighter aircraft, to intercept the bombs before they reached their targets as part of Operation Crossbow, while the launch sites and underground V-1 storage depots were targets of strategic bombing. ==Design and development== In late 1936, while employed by the ''Argus Motoren'' company, Fritz Gosslau began work on the further development of remote-controlled aircraft; Argus had already developed a remote-controlled surveillance aircraft, the AS 292 (military designation FZG 43). On 9 November 1939, a proposal for a remote-controlled aircraft carrying a payload of over a distance of was forwarded to the RLM (German Air Ministry). Argus worked in cooperation with Lorentz AG and Arado Flugzeugwerke to develop the project as a private venture, and in April 1940, Gosslau presented an improved study of Project "''Fernfeuer''" to the RLM, as Project P 35 "''Erfurt''". On 31 May, Rudolf Bree of the RLM commented that he saw no chance that the projectile could be deployed in combat conditions, as the proposed remote-control system was seen as a design weakness. Heinrich Koppenberg, the director of Argus, met with Ernst Udet on 6 January 1941 to try to convince him that the development should be continued, but Udet decided to cancel it. Despite this, Gosslau was convinced that the basic idea was sound and proceeded to simplify the design. As an aircraft engine manufacturer, Argus lacked the capability to produce a fuselage for the project and Koppenberg sought the assistance of Robert Lusser, chief designer and technical director at Heinkel. On 22 January 1942, Lusser took up a position with the Fieseler aircraft company. He met with Koppenberg on 27 February and was informed of Gosslau's project. Gosslau's design used two pulsejet engines; Lusser improved the design to use a single engine. A final proposal for the project was submitted to the Technical Office of the RLM on 5 June and the project was renamed Fi 103, as Fieseler was to be the chief contractor. On 19 June, ''Generalfeldmarschall'' Erhard Milch gave Fi 103 production high priority, and development was undertaken at the Luftwaffe's ''Erprobungsstelle'' coastal test centre at Karlshagen, part of the Peenemünde-West facility. By 30 August, Fieseler had completed the first fuselage, and the first flight of the Fi 103 V7 took place on 10 December, when it was airdropped by a Fw 200. The V-1 was named by ''The Reich'' journalist Hans Schwarz Van Berkl in June 1944 with Hitler's approval. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「V-1 flying bomb」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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